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VOCAL Technologies > Sitemap
VOCAL full logo 2
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  • VoIP
    • VoIP Stack Featuring Voice Quality Enhancement (VQE)
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    • Session Initiation Protocol – SIP Protocol
    • Radio over IP (RoIP)
  • Audio
    • Voice Processing
    • Voice Enhancement – Voice Quality Enhancement (VQE)
    • Echo Cancellation
    • Background Noise Reduction Software Solutions
    • Speech Compression and Speech Coder Software
    • Dereverberation
    • Multi Mic Audio Signal Processing
    • Speech Recognition
  • Video
    • Voice and Video over IP
    • Video Stream Decoding
    • HD Video Reference Design
    • DM8168 Video Software
    • Video PBX Reference Design
  • Fax
    • Fax over IP Server Software Library (FXSRV)
    • Vocal’s Fax Modem Software Solutions
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  • VoIP
    • VoIP Stack Featuring Voice Quality Enhancement (VQE)
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  • Audio
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VOCAL Technologies > Sitemap

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  • 1800# Toll Free Data Service SAMS Supported Back End
  • 5G
    • Adaptive beamforming via covariance matrix reconstruction
    • Adaptive beamforming via steering vector estimation
    • Compressive sampling array
    • DOFs enhancement using sparse array
    • Knowledge enhanced compressive radar imaging
    • Knowledge enhanced compressive radar ranging
    • Knowledge enhanced compressive sampling array
    • Pilot Design in FDD massive MIMO
    • Radar-communication spectrum sharing
    • Source localization
    • Transmit beamforming and beamtracking
  • A and C Weighting via Bilinear Transform and Warping Mitigation
  • Automatic Gain Control
  • Caller ID
  • David test page
  • Defense & Aerospace
  • Defense Products and Services
  • Dynamic Range Compression
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  • Spectrum Subtraction: Implementation
  • Speech Processing & Audio
    • Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) Spoofing Attacks
    • Binaural Masking
    • Comb Filtering for Speech Enhancement
    • Detection of ASV Replay Spoofing Attacks
    • Detection of Synthesized Speech Spoofing Attacks
    • MISRA C Coding Standard Impact on Signal Processing Algorithms
    • Normalized Least Mean Squared
    • Overview of De-essing
    • Vector-Base Amplitude Panning
    • Voice Band Data Demodulation
  • Telecom – IP, PSTN & Mobile
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  • Acronyms and Abbreviations
  • Analog Telephone Adapter (ATA) Reference Design
    • ATA Reference Design Applications
    • VPBX Home Gateway Design
    • ATA 2x1x1 Development Board
    • ATA 2×2+1 Development Board
    • ATA 1x1x1 Development Board
    • ATA 3×2+1 Development Board
    • ATA 8x1x1 Development Board
    • ATA Design Features
    • ATA Compatibility and Interoperability
    • ATA Reference Design Components
    • ATA Provisioning
    • ATA Reference Design Specifications
    • VPBX Home Gateway Reference Design
    • Home PBX Extension Device
    • VPBX Home Gateway Design Features
    • VPBX Home Gateway Design Specifications
    • Video PBX Design Features
    • Video PBX Reference Design
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  • Audio Examples
    • Echo Cancellation Audio Examples
    • GSM Speech Coder Audio Examples
    • ITU Speech Coder Audio Examples
    • Noise Cancellation Audio Examples
    • Other Speech Coder Audio Examples
    • Speech Coder Audio Examples
    • Wideband Speech Coder Audio Examples
  • Beamforming
    • Acoustic Beamformer
    • Acoustic Beamformer Design
    • Acoustic Beamforming Algorithms
    • Acoustic Beamforming with Microphone Array
    • Acoustic echo cancellation with the LMS algorithm
    • Acoustic echo cancellation with the ML algorithm
    • Acoustic echo cancellation with the NLMS algorithm
    • Acoustic Multiple-Channel Crosstalk Canceller
    • Acoustic source localization using circular array microphones
    • Acoustic Two-Channel Crosstalk Canceller
    • Adaptive Beam Steering
    • Adaptive Beamformer with Poles and Zeros
    • Adaptive Beamforming using MUSIC Pseudo-Spectrum
    • Adaptive Null Steering
    • Angle of Arrival Estimation For Broadband Acoustic Signals
    • Angle of Arrival Voice Activity Detection
    • Baseband Frequency Locking for Distributed Transmit Beamforming
    • Beamforming Post-filters using DNNs
    • Beamforming Techniques
    • Beamforming white noise gain
    • Beamsteering in Broadband Beamformers
    • Binaural LCMV Beamforming
    • Binaural MVDR Beamforming
    • Blind source separation using DUET-like algorithm
    • Broadband Constrained Minimum Variance Beamformer
    • Broadband Multiple Linear Point Constraint Design
    • BSS for a single desired speech source
    • BSS for an under-determined system
    • BSS performance measures
    • Centered Circular Array Direction of Arrival Estimation
    • Circular Microphone Array
    • Coherence based interference cancellation through region of arrival
    • Compressed Sensing Approach to Blind Source Separation
    • Concentric Circle Microphone Array Design
    • Consensus Based Synchronization For Distributed Transmit Beamforming
    • Constant Beamwidth Frequency Domain Broadband Beamformer
    • Cylindrical Modal Beamforming Using a Circular Microphone Array
    • Differential Microphone Arrays
    • Differential nullforming with uniform circular array
    • Direction of arrival using uniform circular array microphones
    • Directional beamforming using two microphones
    • Directional Of Arrival Estimation In Beamforming
    • Distributed Multi-Mic Speech Enhancement
    • Distributed Transmit Beamforming
    • DNN for Beamforming Preprocessing
    • DNNs Optimize Beamforming Weights
    • Double-talk detection based on orthogonality principle
    • Effective filter for circular array microphones
    • Effective filter for diamond array microphones
    • Effects of separation distance on endfire microphone array beamforming
    • Efficient distortionless response for conferencing
    • Efficient Microphone Array Design for Acoustic Beamforming
    • Endfire microphone array beamforming
    • Endfire microphone array beamforming with small beamwidth
    • Energy based algorithm for cross-talk detection
    • ESPRIT Algorithm – The Son of MUSIC
    • Exact, Elegant Coherence Based Sub-Band Angle of Arrival
    • Far Field Direction Of Arrival Estimation
    • Far Field Direction of Sound Source Estimate
    • Far-field Sound Pickup and Beamforming
    • Fast And Efficient GCC Algorithm For Speech Angle Of Arrival Detection
    • Fast beamformer with fixed direction for circular array microphones
    • Fast Beamforming With Four Microphones For ASR Engines
    • Fault detection in microphone arrays for speech enhancement
    • First order adaptive differential microphone array beamforming
    • First order differential microphone array beamforming
    • First order endfire beamformer directional noise SNR improvements
    • First order endfire beamformer uncorrelated noise SNR improvements
    • Frequency Domain Beamforming
    • Frost Beamformer
    • Full Circle Direction of Arrival Estimation RTOS Using Least Squares
    • Full plane least squares acoustic sound source localization
    • Fundamental Limits On Angle Of Arrival Estimation Error
    • Generalized Sidelobe Canceler (GSC)
    • Griffiths-Jim Beamformer for Noise Reduction
    • Gunshot detection and localization
    • Half plane least squares acoustic sound source localization
    • High resolution far field direction of arrival using three microphones
    • How can beamforming create power?
    • Implementation Issues with Subspace Based Estimation Algorithms
    • Implementing MUSIC Algorithm
    • Linear Array Beamforming
    • Linear Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) Beamforming
    • Link Quality Indicators for Detection of Interfering Signals
    • LMS Implementation of First Order Adaptive Differential Beamforming
    • Maximum Ratio Combining
    • Microphone Array Beamforming
    • Microphone Array Beamforming Design
    • Microphone Array Magnitude Calibration for Beamforming
    • Microphone Array Phase Calibration for Beamforming
    • Microphone Array Technologies
    • Microphone Arrays
    • Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) Beamformer
    • Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Beamformer Software
    • Minimum Variance Distortionless Response(MVDR) Beamforming
    • Mixing Matrix Estimation-Blind Source Separation of Far Field Sources
    • mmWave Beamforming in Covert Communications
    • Multi Mic Audio Signal Processing
      • Multi-mic Signal Processing: Nullforming for Noise Cancellation
      • Multi-Mic Wiener Noise Suppression
    • MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) Algorithm
    • MVDR Based 2 Microphone Beamforming W/ Given Desired Signal Direction
    • Near Field Acoustic Beamforming
    • Near Field Adaptive Beamforming
    • Near Field Direction of Sound Source Estimate
    • Non-aliased TDOA angle of arrival estimation
    • Non-uniform Sampling with Microphone Array
    • Nth order endfire beamformer
    • Null-formed Beamforming for Improved Echo Return Loss
    • Nullforming for Physical Layer Security
    • Out of band energy level based algorithm for cross-talk detection
    • Physical Layer Security for Cognitive Radio Networks
    • Pre-filter Microphone Signals for Acoustic Beamforming
    • Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Covert Communications
    • Reverberation and Acoustic Beamforming
    • Robust fixed point beamforming
    • Robust Maximum Directivity Factor Beamforming
    • Rotating Arrays for Wideband Beamforming
    • Scalable Distributed Transmit Nullforming
    • Scalable Joint Distributed Transmit Beamforming And Nullforming
    • Second order adaptive differential microphone array beamforming
    • Second order differential linear microphone array beamforming
    • Second order differential non-linear microphone array beamforming
    • Second order uniform circular array directional beamforming
    • Sensitivity of ULA Direction of Arrival Estimates Using GCC Like Algos
    • Signal to noise ratio estimation with two microphones
    • Single Directionless Filter For Circular Array Sum & Filter Beamformer
    • Single Microphone Speech Enhancement Based on Apriori SNR
    • Small beamwidth endfire beamforming
    • Sound Localization for Helmets Providing Hearing Protection
    • Sound Source Localization
    • source to distortion ratio as a measure of BSS performance
    • Spectral subtraction of acoustic noise
    • Speech Enhancement w/ Multi-Mic Noise Reduction in Diffuse Noise Field
    • SRP-PHAT Angle of Arrival Estimation for Beamforming
    • Statistical Optimal Beamformers
    • Statistical optimal beamformers with steering vector mismatch
    • Statistical Optimal Beamformers-Multiple Sidelobe Canceller
    • Statistical Optimal Beamformers-Reference Signal Beamformer
    • Statistical optimal beamformers: generalized sidelobe canceler
    • Super directive beamforming with two microphones
    • Superdirective Beamformer
    • Testing and Verifying Microphone Arrays
    • The Microphone Array Acoustic Beamforming Compromise
    • Tools of Plane-Wave Decomposition
    • Two microphone beamforming for hearing aids
    • Two microphone Endfire Beamformer Signal to Noise
    • Two microphone source separation with spatial prior
    • ULA directional noise SNR improvements with delay and sum beamformer
    • ULA signal to noise plus interference ratio improvements
    • ULA uncorrelated noise SNR improvements with delay and sum beamformer
    • Uniform Circular Array Directional Noise SNR Improvements
    • Uniform Circular Array Uncorrelated Noise SNR Improvements
    • Variable descent step size for AEC
    • What is Hybrid Beamforming?
    • Wideband Acoustic Beamforming Frequency Response Evaluation
    •  Far field monitoring with microphone arrays 
    • Acoustic Beamforming Software
    • Beamforming for Low Probability of Intercept
    • Sound Propagation Models for Beamforming
    • Beamforming Algorithms for Ultrasonic Imaging
    • User Selection for Multiple Antenna Broadcast Channel
    • Beamforming combined with AEC and Noise Suppression
    • Wireless Beamforming Techniques
    • Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Networks
    • Exploiting Spacial Diversity in Single Antenna Systems
  • Blind Signal Separation (BSS)
    • Blind Source Separation
    • Blind Source Separation for Noise Reduction in Mobile
    • Blind Source Separation: High Order Statistics Approach
    • Correlation Techniques
    • Data Modeling
    • Deep Learning Based Voice-Activity-Detection (DLVAD)
    • Generation of Mixing Functions for BSS and Beamforming
    • Hearing: Cocktail Party Problem
    • ICA: Independent Component Analysis
    • Maximum-Likelihood (ML) Algorithm
    • PCA: Principal Component Analysis
    • Speech Separation with Microphone Arrays
    • Time Delay Estimation
    • Undetermined Blind Signal Separation
  • Block Diagrams
  • Compressed Sensing
    • Recovery of Audio Signals with Compressed Sensing
    • Adaptive Parity Error Detection for Compressive Imaging
    • Background Subtraction using Compressed Sensing
    • Interference Cancellation in Compressed Sensed Signals
    • Overview of Encryption of Compressed Sensed Images
    • Terahertz Imaging for Security using Compressed Sensing
    • Enhanced Security Based on Under-Determination in Compressed Sensing
    • Error Correction Using Compressed Sensing Techniques
    • Gradient Projection Reconstruction of Compressed Sensing Signals
    • Compressed Sensing of Images
    • Compressed Sensing in Secure JPEG2000 (JPSEC)
    • Compressed Sensing for Error Protection in JPWL
    • Multipath Channel Estimation with Compressed Sensing
    • Noise Resiliency with Compressed Sensing
    • Secrecy of Cryptography With Compressed Sensing (CS)
    • Single Pixel Camera
  • Contact Us
    • Acoustic Beamforming Solutions
    • Ask the Experts
    • Echo Cancellation Software Solutions
    • Lawful Interception Solutions
    • Noise Reduction Solutions
    • Request Brochure
    • Request Demo
    • Video Solutions
  • Cryptography
    • Public Key and Secret Key Cryptography
    • Steganography
    • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
    • Camellia
    • CAST-128 and CAST-256
    • CCM
    • Data Encryption Standard (DES)
    • DSA – Digital Signature Algorithm
    • ECDSA – Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
    • Encryption
    • AES GCM Encryption Algorithms
    • HMAC
    • Keywrap algorithms – AESKW, AKW1, AKW2, TDKW
    • Rabin Digital Signature Algorithm
    • RC4 Encryption – RC4 Algorithm
    • RIPEMD
    • RSA
    • RSA User Authentication
    • RSA Key Size Selection
    • Theory of RSA
    • SEED
    • SHA-1 and SHA-2 (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512) Hashing Algorithm
    • 3DES – Triple Data Encryption Standard (Triple-DES)
    • Whirlpool
  • Data Modem
    • 56K Modem Software
    • Data Modulation Software
    • Data Protocol Software
    • Command Set Controller Software
    • V.22bis / V.22 / Bell 212 / V.23 / V.21 / Bell 103 Modem Software
    • V.32bis and V.32 Modem Software
    • V.34 Modem Software
    • V.42 / V.42bis Software
    • V.44 Data Compression Software
    • V.90 Modem Software
    • V.91 Modem Software
    • V.92 Modem Software
    • V.92 Modem-on-Hold, PCM upstream and Quick Connect Features
  • Datasheets
  • Dereverberation
    • Comb Filtering in Acoustics
    • Controlling RT60 – Practical Notes
    • Critical Distance
    • Critical Distance and RT60
    • Early Reflections
    • Frequency domain single channel blind dereverberation
    • Information theoretic approach to single channel dereverberation
    • Methods of RT60 Estimation
    • Minimum Phase LTI Systems in Context of Equalization
    • Practice of RT60 Estimation in Bands
    • Room Reflections
    • Speech Dereverberation using Channel Inversion and Equalization
    • Various Models of Room Reverberation
    • Voice Activity Detection for Dereverberation
    • Speech & Voice Reverberation
    • Room Impulse Response
    • Dereverberation and Adaptive Beamforming
    • Dereverberation using Spectral Subtraction
    • Reverberation Cancellation Versus Suppression
    • Octave Banks for Acoustic Filtering
  • Echo Cancellation
    • A and C Weighting via Bilinear Transform
    • Acoustic Echo Cancellation
      • Acoustic Echo Cancellation with Expanded Dynamic Range
    • Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) Barge-In
    • Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) for Sparse Echo Paths
    • Acoustic Echo Cancellation for Wireless Devices
    • Acoustic Echo Paths Characteristics and AEC
    • Acoustic Echoes in Mobile
    • Acoustic Feedback
    • Acoustic Feedback Cancellation and Suppression
    • Adaptive Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Adaptive Filter Algorithm Stability
    • Adaptive Impulse Response Estimation Algorithms
    • Advantages of VOCAL’s AEC Software: True Fullband Audio Support
    • Advantages of VOCAL’s AEC Software: Unusual Echo Response Handling
    • AEC and NR Combined using Single Channel Data
    • Aligning Audio Streams Captured using Unsynchronized Clocks
    • Automatic Echo Delay Compensation for AEC
    • Automatic Gain and Saturation Control for an Acoustic Echo Canceller
    • Bluetooth Audio and Echo Cancellation: Compression Considerations
    • Bluetooth Audio and Echo Cancellation: Delay Considerations
    • Comfort Noise Generation in Echo Cancellers
    • Convergence and Divergence Check for Cross Spectral Residual Echo Suppression
    • Convergence Speed Optimization for NLMS Algorithm
    • Critically Sampled Uniform Sub-Band EC using LMS-type Algorithms
    • Deep Neural Networks Residual Echo Suppression
    • Delay Tracking for Voice over Packet Switched Network
    • Digital Network Echo Canceller Software
    • Double Talk Detection Using Cross Correlation
    • Double Talk Detection Using Speech Features
    • Double-Talk Detection in Echo Cancellation
    • Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm
    • Echo Cancellation based on Adaptive IIR Filtering
    • Echo Cancellation: Cross Spectral Residual Echo Suppression
    • Echo in Voice over IP Networks
    • Echo Path Delay Identification Offline
    • Echo Paths for Hands-Free Terminals
    • Efficient Fullband and Wideband AEC Implementations
    • Energy and Level Estimation for G.168 Testing
    • Equalization For ETSI-Compliant Audio Facility
    • Estimating ERL from AF FIR Taps
    • ETSI Audio Room Equalization – Selected Details
    • Far-end Echo Delay Estimation with the Presence of Near-end Echo
    • Far-End Line Echo Canceller
    • Feedback Mitigation – Frequency Suppression
    • Feedback Mitigation – Phase Modulation
    • FIR Filter Design
    • Fixed Point Mathematics for Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Frequency domain acoustic echo cancellation
    • Fullband Information Aiding a Subband Echo Canceller
    • G.167 Acoustic Echo Canceller
    • G.168 Defined Echo Path Models
    • G.168 Test Methodology
    • Gammachirp Filter for Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)
    • Haar Wavelet Decomposition in Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)
    • Hidden Markov Models for Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)
    • High-Pass Filters in Echo Cancellers
    • Impulse Response Estimation for Audio via Complementary Sequences
    • In-Car Communication (ICC): Delay-Critical Applications
    • Kalman Filter in Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)
    • Level Measurements via ITU P56 and Weighting
    • Line & Acoustic Echo Canceller Combined
    • Line / Network Echo Canceller
    • Line and Acoustic Echo Diagnostics
    • Line Echo Canceller with Backup FIR Filter
    • Line Echo Canceller with Bulk Delay Compensation
    • Linear Phase Filters in Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Multi-Channel Acoustic Feedback/Echo Cancellation
    • Multi-channel AEC Performance Tradeoffs
    • Musical Noise Mitigation in Nonlinear Processing of Echo
    • Network Delays and Line / Network Echo Canceller Provisioning
    • Non-Linear AEC
    • Non-Linear Processing in Echo Cancellation
    • Nonlinear Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • PESQ for AEC Evaluation
    • Potential Instability of NE/FE System with Echo Cancellation
    • Potential Instability of NE/FE System without Echo Cancellation
    • Proportionate Normalized Least Mean Squares Adaptation
    • Psychoacoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Residual echo suppression
    • Signal De-Correlation
    • Sparse Echo Cancellers
    • Spatial Aliasing in a Microphone Array
    • Spatial Sampling and Aliasing with Microphone Array
    • Stability Control by Echo Canceller
    • Stereo Acoustic Echo Cancellation for Conferencing
    • Stereo Acoustic Echo Canceller (AEC)
    • Stereo and Surround Sound Acoustic Feedback / EC
    • Stereo and Surround Sound Acoustic Feedback/Echo Cancellation
    • Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Sub-Band Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Subband Acoustic Echo Cancellation with Variable Echo Tail Lengths
    • Tandem Echo Cancellers
    • The Multi-channel Acoustic Echo Cancellation Problem
    • Tonal Input Suppression Problem
    • Tone Detectors in Echo Cancellers
    • Two microphone adaptive nullforming for vehicle environment
    • Two microphone auditory sub band adaptive nullforming
    • Variable Tap Length Filters for Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)
    • Viterbi Algorithm in Speech Enhancement and HMM
    • VoIP Echo Cancellation
    • VoIP Echo Cancellation Software
    • Volterra AEC
    • What is Multichannel AEC?
    • Zero-Delay Feedback and Echo Cancellation
    • Requirements for Acoustic Echo Cancellation and Noise Reduction
    • The Combination of Adaptive Filters
    • Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) Software
    • Two-Path Method for Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Robust Adaptive Algorithms for Echo Cancellation
    • Anti-howling
    • Echo Cancellation in Cellular Networks
    • Echo Control on Codec Parameters
    • The Combined Reduction of Echo and Noise
    • AEC for Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) Hardware
    • The Affect of Convergence Speed in the Two-Path Method
    • Cross-Correlations in Echo Cancellation
    • Double-Talk Detection (DTD)
    • Estimating Echo Return Loss and Echo Return Loss Enhancement
    • Frequency Domain Adaptive Filtering in Echo Cancellation
    • Frequency Offset Compensation in Echo Cancellation
    • G.165 Echo Canceller Software
    • G.168 Line Echo Canceller Software
    • Handling of Nonlinearities in Echo Cancellation
    • Echo Cancellation in IP Networks
    • Multichannel Acoustic Echo Cancellation
    • Non-conventional Applications of Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)
    • The Perception of Echo
    • Post Filtering for Residual Echo Control
    • Statistical Joint Control of Acoustic Echo Canceller and Post-Filter
    • Subband Adaptive Filtering
    • Variable Step-size and Regularization Parameters for NLMS
    • Wideband Acoustic Echo Cancellation
  • Vocal Technologies Engineering Services
    • Custom Echo Cancellation Solutions
  • Forward Error Correction Algorithms
    • BCH Error Correcting Codes
    • Forward Error Correction – Hamming Codes
    • Reed Solomon Implementation
    • Reed Solomon Software Performance
    • Reed Solomon (RS) Algorithm Overview
  • Vocal’s Fax Modem Software Solutions
    • Fax Demodulator and Fax Decoder
    • Fax Monitoring and Diagnostics
    • Fax Command Set Software
    • Fax Modulation
    • Fax Protocol Software
    • T.30 Fax Software
    • T.30-E Color Fax Software
    • V.17 Fax Software
    • V.21 Channel 2 Fax Software
    • V.27ter Fax Software
    • V.29 Fax Software
    • V 34 Fax Software
    • Secure Faxing with JPSEC
    • Fax Monitoring and Recording
  • Hardware Reference Designs
    • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) IP Core
    • Counter with Cipher Block Chaining-Message Authentication Code
    • FPGA/PLD/ASIC Cores
  • VOCAL’s Lawful Interception Software
    • Lawful Interception of VoIP Communications at an ISP
    • Video and Voice over IP (VoIP) Decoding
  • Networking
    • IEEE 802.11
    • TR-104
    • TR-111
    • IEEE 802.11e
    • IEEE 802.11n
    • 802.11 Authentication and Association
    • 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
    • Distortion Based Networking – Ad Hoc Wireless Routing
    • Distortion Minimizing Rate Control for Wireless Multimedia Networks
    • Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
    • Dynamic Directional RTS/CTS
    • ICE: Interactive Connectivity Establishment
    • Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
    • IPsec for uClinux
    • LANsEND IPv4/IPv6 Network Operating System
    • Medium Access Control for Distortion Based Networking
    • Multicast and Unicast Streaming Media
    • TR-098
    • Nat/Firewall Software
    • TCP TURN
    • Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
    • Classic STUN Protocol: Simple Traversal of UDP Through NAT
    • STUN Server in ICE Context
    • TURN: Traversal Using Relay NAT Software
    • Network Utility Maximization (NUM) for Resource Allocation
    • Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) Software
  • Background Noise Reduction Software Solutions
    • Active Noise Control / Active Noise Cancellation
    • Advanced Noise Reduction via HMM
    • Basics of Kalman Filters
    • Choice of Loss Function for Neural Networks
    • Dual Mic Voice Enhancement Solution for Hands-free Radio Applications
    • Dual Microphone Adaptive Noise Reduction
    • Forensic Speaker Recognition Preprocessor
    • Iterative Spectrum Subtraction Noise Reduction
    • Keyboard Click Removal
    • Microphone Noise Reduction
    • More on Observations Regarding Musical Noise
    • Multi-Mic Noise Reduction Software
    • Musical Noise in Acoustic Noise Reduction
    • Neural Network Monaural Feature Selection for Speech Enhancement
    • Noise Cancellation Application
    • Noise Estimation: Dynamics v. Stationarity
    • Noise Reduction Solutions
    • Noise Reduction via Hidden Markov Model (HMM)
    • Noise Reduction via Speech Modeling
    • Noise Reduction with Expanded Dynamic Range
    • Noise Reduction: An Instructional Example
    • Optimizing Deep Neural Networks
    • Perceptual Noise Reduction for Voice Quality Enhancement
    • Perceptual-Based Spectrum Subtraction Noise Reduction
    • Real-Time Audio Filtering
    • Single Channel Wind Noise Detection
    • Sound Isolation for Noise Control in Communications
    • Statistical Analysis of Random Signals
    • Subband Domain Adaptive Noise Cancellation
    • Supervised Learning for DNN Speech Enhancement
    • Synthetic Noise for Voice Enhancement
    • Synthetic Noise of Predefined Spectrum for Voice Enhancement
    • The FFT: An Efficient Class of Algorithms
    • The Motivation for Deep Neural Network Speech Enhancement
    • The Simple Theory of Noise Reduction: Wiener Filtering
    • The Transversal Wiener Filter
    • Unifying Spectrum Subtraction with Wiener Filtering
    • Using Noise Modeling for Speech Enhancement
    • Using Statistical Models for Speech Enhancement
    • Voice Activity Detection (VAD)
    • Voice-Activity-Detection (VAD) Feature Set
    • Wind Noise in Mobile Telecommunication
    • Noise Reduction Using Minimum Mean Square Estimators (MMSE)
    • Model-Based Speech Enhancement
    • Monaural Speech Separation
    • Noise Reduction of Non-stationary Noise Sources
    • Single Microphone Active Noise Cancellation
    • Two microphone active noise cancellation
    • Voice activity detector in highly degraded environments
    • Psychoacoustic Noise Suppression
    • The Artifacts of Spectral Subtraction
  • Particle Swarm Optimization
    • Image Compression Using Compressed Sensing & PSO
    • Motion Tracking using Particle Swarm Optimization
    • PSO in the RWA Process for All-Optical WDM Networks
    • Particle Swarm Optimization in Signal Separation
    • Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in Speech Enhancement
    • Adapting Particle Swarm Optimization with State of Convergence
    • Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO)
    • Time Delay of Arrival (TDOA) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
    • Noise Reduction using SVD and PSO
    • Particle Swarm Optimization in the Design of Adaptive FIR Filters
    • Particle Swarm Optimization in the Design of Adaptive IIR Filters
    • Particle Swarm Optimization in Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)
    • Adaptive Antenna Arrays using Particle Swarm Optimization
    • Blind Signal Separation (BSS) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
    • Particle Swarm Optimization on FPGA
    • Gaussian Particle Swarm Optimization (GPSO)
    • PSO in the Grassmannian Line Packing Problem for MIMO Beamforming
    • Euclidean Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO)
  • Perceptual Filtering
    • Discrete Wavelet Transform in Speech Enhancement
    • Perceptual Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients in Speech
    • Phase Reconstruction
    • Pitch Detection using Cepstral Method
    • Time Scale Modification
    • Wavelet Transform in Speech Enhancement
  • Press Releases
    • AEC Plus Integrates Speech Enhancement, AGC and Echo Tail Search
    • Dereverberation Brings the Far-End Speaker Up Close and Clear
    • Enhanced TR-069 VoIP Stack For Lawful Interception Assets
    • Enhanced VoIP Stack Design with Echo Cancellation
    • HD Video Reference Design Lowers Cost of 1080P Videoconferencing
    • Multi-Channel Video Framework Unleashes Potential of DaVinci DM8168
    • Teletics MoNet MoIP Gateway Implements VOCAL’s Enhanced Modem
    • VOCAL & Tilgin to Leverage TR-069 for Enhanced Customer Services
    • VOCAL Announces HD Video MCU Reference Design
    • VOCAL Creates Unique Solution to Help Transition from Analog to VoIP
    • VOCAL Extends the Longevity of Payment Processing with SAMS
    • VOCAL Helps Utility Companies Overcome Meter Reading Challenges
    • VOCAL’s VoIP Software Stack Includes Android Optimized ITU, GSM
    • VOCALs Comprehensive Fax Diag Troubleshoot Fax Transmission Issues
    • VOCAL Software Translates Video For 2.5G/3G Handsets
    • VOCAL Software Enables WLAN Implementation
    • VOCAL Technologies Unveils RAS Over IP™ Technology
    • VOCAL Adds DSP Functionality to MIPS New 32-Bit Pro Series
    • VOCAL Turbo Codes Boost IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g
    • VOCAL LDPC Codes Extend IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g
    • VOCAL Quadruples Battery Life in IEEE Wireless LAN Mobile Units
    • VOCAL Inks Accord With Agilent Technologies
    • VOCAL Offers Build-to-Suit IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g
    • VOCAL Provides the Voice for Sorenson Hybrid Chips
    • VOCAL Technologies Provides Turnkey DSP Software Solution
    • New Adapters from VOCAL enhance VOIP service, accommodate more phones
    • VOCAL Adds DSP Functionality to MIPS New 32-Bit Pro Series Cores
    • VOCAL Introduces Optimal CTR-AES, CBC-MAC-AES, and CCMP-AES
    • VOCAL Provides Its AES-128 for DTCP Using Microprocessors
    • VOCAL Selects SMSC as Its Ethernet Silicon Supplier
    • VOCAL Announces Single-Processor VoIP-Analog Telephone Adapter
    • New Internet PBX ATA (iPBX) & PBXtender Extends VoIP to Homes, Offices
    • VOCAL Teams with SOC Technology for Production of VoIP Speaker Phone
    • VOCAL Technologies Chooses Legerity VoicePort for Ultra Low Cost ATA
  • Resources
    • Bessel and Hankel Functions
    • Development
      • Adding a Custom Module to the Linux Kernel
      • Building Native Android Libraries
      • Decision Making in Linux Shell Scripts
      • Functions in Linux Shell Scripts
      • How Can I Analyze the Stability of a Physics-Based Discreet Time-Step Simulation?
      • How Can I Build a C# Application for an Embedded ARM Processor?
      • How can I build a firmware image for the Beaglebone PRU?
      • How Can I Call Shared Library Functions from C# in Linux?
      • How Can I Control GPIOs on Embedded Linux from Python?
      • How can I control text file line endings using Perl?
      • How can I control the audio route for Bluetooth in an Android or iOS application?
      • How can I control the bitrate of an H.264 stream?
      • How Can I Extract Image Data from a TIFF File?
      • How Can I Find Files on the Linux Command Line?
      • How Can I Find the Latest Version of a File Using a Linux Shell Script?
      • How Can I Find the Latest Version of a File Using a Windows Batch Script?
      • How can I generate URIs for SIP messages?
      • How Can I Get the Local Address for Incoming UDP Packets in Linux?
      • How Can I Get the Local Address for Incoming UDP Packets in Windows?
      • How Can I Implement a Configuration File for a Perl Script?
      • How Can I Implement Audio Sample Rate Conversion?
      • How can I implement double-buffering in shared memory?
      • How can I Iterate Files in a Folder Tree Using Perl?
      • How Can I Marshal an Array of Structures from C# to Native Code?
      • How Can I Parse an Integer from a String in C Code?
      • How Can I Parse Command Line Arguments in Perl?
      • How Can I Parse Data to a Hash of Arrays in Perl?
      • How can I re-use code in Linux shell scripts?
      • How Can I Receive Multicast Packets Using the Berkeley Sockets API?
      • How Can I Remove a Bee from My Office?
      • How Can I Run an Interactive Program from a Linux Shell Script?
      • How can I Search for C Function Calls Using Perl?
      • How Can I Send Multicast Packets Using the Berkeley Sockets API?
      • How Can I Start a Linux Thread using C?
      • How Can I Start a Win32 Thread using C?
      • How Can I Use a Pre-Built Native Shared Object Library in an Android Studio Application?
      • How Can I Use an ALSA Device from Multiple Processes?
      • How can I use watchdog hardware in Linux?
      • How Can I Use Zip Archives on the Command Line?
      • How Can I Write A Linux Shell Script That Can Be Run From Any Folder?
      • How Can I Write a Windows Batch Script that Can Be Run from Any Folder?
      • How Can I Write Directly to the Console from the Linux Kernel?
      • How do I build a Linux device tree?
      • How do I Build Native Libraries for iOS Applications?
      • How do I control an I2C bus from a Linux application?
      • How do I control GPIOs in Linux?
      • How do I control indicator LEDs in embedded Linux systems?
      • How do I debug an embedded Linux program using GDB?
      • How do I encode or decode video with the Android NDK?
      • How do I make a TCP client using the Berkeley sockets API?
      • How do I make a TCP server using the Berkeley sockets API?
      • How do I make a TLS client connection using OpenSSL?
      • How do I make a TLS server connection using OpenSSL?
      • How do I make TLS certificates for testing?
      • How do I return values from functions in Linux shell scripts?
      • How do I run a Linux shell script?
      • How Do I Transfer MPEG2 Video in an RTP Stream?
      • How Do I Use Apple CallKit in Xamarin?
      • How do I Use DependencyService in Xamarin?
      • How do I use Linux initramfs?
      • How do I Use OpenSLES for Audio in Native Android Libraries?
      • How do I use padding in RTP packets?
      • How do I use the AM335x PRU with Linux?
      • How Do I Use the Analog Inputs on the AM335x Processor?
      • How Does Branching and Decision-Making Work in Perl?
      • How Should I Fill Out the Payload Type Field of an RTP Packet?
      • How to Optimize Fixed Point Frequency Domain Filter
      • Implementing Callback Functions in C# Wrappers for Native Code
      • Overview of Environment Variables in Linux
      • Overview of JNI for Android Applications
      • Overview of Linux System Building using Cross-Compiling
      • Overview of Makefiles
      • Parsing Text Files Line by Line
      • Scripting with U-Boot Environment Variables
      • Setting the Time on an Embedded Linux Device using NTP
      • Using a Custom Linux Kernel in Buildroot
      • Using Asynchronous Processing in JavaScript
      • Using GStreamer Pad Probes
      • Using LibAV for Video Encoding and Decoding
      • Using Multi-Planar Image Formats
      • Using pthread Conditions for Thread Synchronization
      • Using SCP for File Transfer with Embedded Linux Systems
      • Using the I2C Bus in Linux Kernel Space
      • Using the Linux I2C-Tools Software
      • Using the OpenGL Shading Language for Pixel Format Conversion
      • Using Thread Local Storage
      • What Are the Components of a Video Conferencing Device?
      • What is a DTLS fingerprint?
      • What Is a Sinc Filter?
      • What is Acoustic Imaging?
        • How Does Acoustic Imaging Work?
      • What is alsamixer?
      • What is Buildroot?
      • What is Cyclomatic Complexity?
      • What Is Fixed-Point Math?
      • What is Inlining?
      • What is JSON?
      • What is Linux device tree?
      • What is Logically Dead Code?
      • What is Loop Unrolling?
      • What is Modified Condition / Decision Coverage?
      • What is Pin Multiplexing on Embedded Processors?
      • What is SDP?
      • What is SEI Cert C?
      • What is Shift-Left Testing?
      • What is SIP?
      • What is SRTP?
      • What is Statement Code Coverage?
      • What is the Linux menuconfig system?
      • What is the PRU co-processor on the Beaglebone?
      • What T.38 Parameters can be in SDP?
      • Why is Shifting Necessary in Fixed Point FFTs?
    • Introduction to MISRA C
    • Schroeder Integration and Reverberation Time
    • The Impending Removal of Digital Lines
    • VOCAL Technologies Reference Designs
      • Communication Security Reference Designs
      • Data Modem Reference Designs
      • Echo Cancellation Reference Designs
      • Fax Reference Designs
      • Lawful Interception Reference Designs
      • Radio
      • Video Reference Designs
      • Vocal’s Voice Reference Designs
      • VoIP
    • Current Research
      • Audio Processing Design
      • Communication Security
      • Echo Cancellation Research
        • Adaptive Interference Cancellation Software
      • Fax
      • Lawful Interception Research Resources
      • Video Research Resources
        • An Algorithm to Monitor Available Bandwidth for Video Streams
        • Estimating Compressed Bitrate Requirements for Video Streams
        • GStreamer Debugging Tools
          • Using GStreamer with SIP Call Control
      • Voice
      • VoIP Research Resources
    • Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
      • Application of Linear Prediction
      • ARM Cortex M4 – Lightweight DSP Solution
      • Bayesian Filtering
      • Bayesian Inference
      • Discrete-Time Decimation
      • Hidden Markov Models
      • Interpolation with an Ideal FIR Filter
      • Matrix Decomposition: LU & Cholesky
      • Polynomial Interpolation
    • DSP Developer Resources
    • DSP links
  • Secure Communication
    • Frequency Scrambler and Frequency Inversion
    • The Importance of Physical Layer Security in Emerging Networks
    • The Missing Security Layer
    • JPSEC Authentication Template
    • EAPoL Protocol – Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
    • JPSEC Decryption Template
    • CCMP – Cipher Block Chaining
    • JPSEC Hash Template
    • JPSEC Key Information Template
    • JPSEC Registration Authority (RA)
    • JPSEC Tools
    • Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
    • Document Signature by Multiple Parties
    • EAP – Extensible Authentication Protocol
    • SDES
    • EAP Types – Extensible Authentication Protocol Types information
    • JPSEC: Secure JPEG2000
    • Secure Application Configuration Access Protocol – ACAP over SSL/TLS
    • EAPoW – Extensible Authentication Protocol over Wireless
    • Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP)
    • HTTPS: HTTP over SSL/TLS
    • Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
    • Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) Protocol
    • Multimedia Internet Keying – MIKEY
    • Secure Internet Message Access Protocol – IMAP Over SSL /TLS
    • Secure Simple Mail Transport Protocol – SMTP over SSL/TLS
    • Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions & S/MIME Software
    • What is a WPA? WiFi Protected Access
  • Assured Services Session Initiation Protocol (AS-SIP)
  • Session Initiation Protocol – SIP Protocol
    • SIP Agents
    • SIP Servers
    • SIP Sessions
    • SIP Trunking
    • SIP User Authentication
    • Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
    • SIP Conferencing
    • SIP Call Forwarding
    • Locating SIP Servers
    • SIP Message Routing
    • SIP PRACK
    • Session Initiated Protocol Messaging – SIP Messaging
    • SIP Presence
    • SIP Registration
    • Secure SIP
    • SIP Session Timers
    • SIP Call Transferring
  • Software Modules
    • Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
    • Communication Security Software
    • Data Modem Software
    • Echo Cancellation Software
    • Embedded Software Modules
      • Software Components of Embedded Linux Systems
    • RISC–V Software Modules
    • Video Software
      • PC Video Software Design
    • VOCAL Technologies Radio Software Library
    • Vocal’s Fax Modem Software Library
    • Vocal’s Lawful Interception Software
    • VOCAL’s Voice Software Library
    • VoIP Software – Voice Over IP Software
      • IP Intercom Software
  • Specialty Technologies
    • Satellite Communications Solutions
    • Fax Lawful Interception Software
    • Custom Cryptographic System Design
    • T.38 Fax Image Decoding
  • Speech Compression and Speech Coder Software
    • ALSA Codec Configuration
    • Audio Sample Rate Converter
    • CVSD Codec – Continuously Variable Slope Delta
    • Fractional Resampling
    • G.729 and Its Application in the Cellular Market
    • G.729 Annex D
    • Identifying Audio Devices in ALSA
    • ITU G.711.0 Lossless Codec
    • ITU G.711.1 Embedded Wideband Codec
    • ITU G.719 Codec
    • Linux Driver Model for SoC Audio
    • Opus Audio Codec Solutions
    • Testing ALSA Drivers with aplay and arecord
    • Vocoder Transcoding Software
    • ITU Speech Coders
    • GSM Speech Coders
    • Wideband Speech Coders
    • Other Speech Coders
    • Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) in Vocoders
    • PSQM, PSQM+ & Perceptual Scale
    • Speech Codecs and Associated PSQM Values
    • LPC-10e Codec
    • MELP Codec
    • How to Choose a Speech Coder?
    • MELP Modifications to LPC-10
    • MELPe Codec
    • TSVCIS MELPe
      • TSVCIS Cryptographic Features
      • TSVCIS Forward Error Correction
      • TSVCIS Improves Speech Quality
      • TSVCIS Interoperability Features
      • TSVCIS MELPe Synchronization
    • Stability of LPC Filters in Vocoders
    • Wideband Energy Detection in Scalable Speech Coding
    • Windowing in Vocoders to Remove Artifacts
    • 218x Resource Requirements
    • Allpass Filters in Vocoders
    • Arithmetic Coding in Vocoders
    • Efficient Implementation of LPC Analysis Filters
    • Comfort Noise Generation in Vocoders
    • Evaluating Speech Coders
    • G.711 Codec – G 711a
    • G.722 Vocoder
    • G.722.2 Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB)
    • G.723.1 Codec
    • G.726 Codec
    • G.722.1 Codec
    • G.728 Codec
    • G.729 Codec
    • G.729A Codec
    • G.729.1 Codec
    • G.729AB Codec
    • GSM Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec
    • GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) Codec
    • GSM Half Rate (HR) Codec
    • Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) Codec
    • GSM Full Rate (FR) Codec
    • iLBC (Internet Low Bitrate) Vocoder
    • Opus Codec
    • SILK Codec
    • Speex Codec
  • Speech Recognition
    • Activation Functions of Neural Networks
    • Automatic Speech Recognition and Speech Enhancement
    • Machine Learning Algorithms
    • Measuring Detector Performance in Voice Activity Detection
    • Microphone Array Aided Distant Speech Recognition
    • Room Quality Modeling
    • Speaker Diarization
    • Vanishing Gradient of Deep Neural Networks
    • Speech Composition for Recognition
  • Stochastic Resonance
    • Weak Signal Detection Using PSO and SR
    • Stochastic Resonance of Binary Signals
    • Implementing Stochastic Resonance in Discrete Time
    • Stochastic Resonance of Analog and Digital Signals
  • System Designs
    • Analog Audio Over IP (AoIP) – Radio over IP (RoIP)
    • Analog Telephone Recorder Reference Design
    • DM8168 Video Software and Framework
    • Media Gateway Reference Design
    • Remote Access Server over IP™ (RASoIP™)
    • Remote Radio Monitoring
    • RoIP Gateway – Radio Over IP Gateway
    • Serial over IP Integrated Communicator
    • Soft Radio Reference Design
    • SoIP – Serial over IP Gateway Reference Design
    • Space Application Development Board
    • Space Application Development Board for Full Duplex Voice Comms
    • TR-069 Reference Design
    • Vocal’s HD Video Reference Design
    • VoIP Gateway Reference Design
    • VoIP Radio Reference Design
    • VoIP Reference Design
    • Resource Requirements
    • Supported Processors and Architectures
    • Vocal’s Supported Operating Systems
  • Telephony Software
    • ISDN Software
    • Speakerphone
    • Digital Telephony
    • Analog Telephony
    • DS1 Low Speed Digital Carrier Systems
    • Tone Detection
  • Video
    • AdaBoost Training Algorithm for Viola-Jones Object Detection
    • Adaptive Bitrate Streaming
    • Advanced Motion Adaptive Deinterlacer
    • Advanced Motion Adaptive Directional Deinterlacer
    • Analog TV Demodulation
    • Analog TV Modulation
    • Analog TV Standards
    • ATSC Digital Terrestrial TV Modulator
    • ATSC Digital Terrestrial TV Receiver
    • ATSC Digital Terrestrial TV Transmitter
    • Backend Video Processing
    • Basic Directional Video Scaler
    • Basic Motion Adaptive Deinterlacer
    • Basic Motion Detector For Motion Adaptive Deinterlacer
    • Basic Video Scaler
    • Basic Video Sharpening
    • Basic Video Sharpening with Controlled Granularity and Noise Coring
    • Blocking Artifact Reduction
    • Buffer Management in Video Streaming Applications
    • Color Management
    • Combined Video Scaler and Sharpener
    • Correlation Noise in Wyner-Ziv Video Coding
    • DCT Transform Digital Watermarking
    • Deinterlacing
    • Digital Video Broadcasting for Cable Systems DVB-C
    • Digital Video Broadcasting for Satellite Systems DVB-S
    • Digital Video Broadcasting for Terrestrial Systems DVB-T
    • Digital Video Surveillance Security Cameras
    • Digital Watermarking
    • Digital Watermarking for H.264 Video Compression
    • Distributed Video Coding (DVC)
    • Drawing Text Overlays on Live Video Displays
    • DVB-T Receiver
    • Dynamic Adaptive Streaming of Video over HTTP (MPEG-DASH)
    • Embedded Zerotree in Wavelet Image Compression
    • Equalizer for ATSC Digital Terrestrial TV Receiver
    • Estimation of Complex Signal Magnitude and Angle
    • Face Detection using Viola-Jones Algorithm
    • Flesh Tone Noise Reduction Correction
    • FM Audio Demodulator
    • H.264/AVC Interpolation in Interframe Prediction
    • H.264/AVC Syntax
    • H.264/AVC Transform
    • H.264/AVC Video Decoder
    • Hadamard Transform Digital Watermarking
    • Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for Object Detection
    • Human Detection and Tracking in Video Surveillance System
    • Implementation of FIR using Downsampling
    • Implementation of FIR with Steep Rolloff & High Level of Attenuation
    • Impulse Noise immunity for AGC
    • Impulse Noise in TV channels
    • Interactive Video Technology
    • Interframe Noise Reduction for Video
    • Local Direction Detector
    • Managing Different Aspect Ratios in Video Displays
    • Mobile Live Streaming
    • Mobile Video-on-Demand
    • Mosquito Noise Reduction
    • Narrow Passband Spectrum Filtering by Downsampling & Trivial Rotation
    • Noise Reduction using Combined Linear-Median Filter
    • Noise Reduction using Spatial Level Control Filter
    • OFDM Modulation
    • Overshoot for Video Sharpening
    • Overview of Video Capture in Linux
    • P2P Mesh-Based Live Video Streaming
    • P2P Multi-Tree Based Live Video Streaming
    • P2P Network
    • P2P on Demand Mesh-Based Live Video Streaming
    • P2P Single Tree Based Video Streaming
    • P2P Streaming – P2P Video Streaming
    • P2P Video on Demand
    • Pixel-Domain Wyner-Ziv Coding
    • Profiles and Levels in H.264/AVC
    • Progressive Download
    • QoE in 3GPP DASH
    • Quality of Experience (QoE) for Streaming Video
    • Remote Video Surveillance
    • RGB and CMYK Color Space Conversion
    • RGB and HSV/HSI/HSL Color Space Conversion
    • RGB and YUV Color Space Conversion
    • Ringing in Scaling
    • Scalable Video Compression based on Wavelets
    • Scalable Video Encoding
    • Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for Object Detection
    • Security in P2P Video Streaming
    • Signaling Methods for Video Streaming
    • Spatial Domain Digital Watermarking
    • Speed Capture in Video Surveillance
    • Stride in Raw Video Images
    • Surveillance Video Coding with Background Preprocessing
    • Timestamp Semantics in RTP Video Streaming
    • Transform-Domain Wyner-Ziv Coding
    • User Adaptive Video Streaming
    • Using OpenGL to Display Streaming Video
    • Video Conferencing Technology
      • Pixel Format Conversions in Video Conferencing
    • Video Description Technology
    • Video Processing Architecture
    • Video Scaling
    • Video Sharpening with Controlled Granularity
    • Video Sharpening with Diagonal Sharpening Control
    • Video Streaming Protocols RTP, RTCP and RTSP
    • Video Streaming Technology
    • Video Streaming to Mobile Devices
    • Video Surveillance for Biometrics
    • Video Surveillance Technology
    • Wavelet Transform Digital Watermarking
    • What Is Video Compression Technology
    • Working with Video Decoders
    • Working with Video Encoders
  • Video Codecs
    • VP8 Video Codec
    • JPEG
    • ITU H.261
    • ITU H.264
      • What are H.264 NAL units?
    • ITU H.263
    • JPEG 2000
    • JPEG2000 Rate and Quality Scalability
    • JPEG2000 and H.264 for Video Surveillance
    • Wavelet Transform for Sparsity in JPEG2000
    • JPEG2000 Image Transmission using JPIP
    • Secure JPEG2000 (JPSEC) Images
    • Wireless JPEG2000 Transmission and Unequal Error Protection using JPWL
    • MJPEG
    • MPEG-2
    • MPEG-4
  • Audio
    • Application of Psychoacoustic Modeling in Audio Coding
    • Audio Conferencing
    • Digital Audio Watermarking
      • Categories of Digital Audio Watermarking Embedding and Detection
      • Time Domain Echo Based Digital Audio Watermarking
      • Transform Domain Digital Audio Watermarking: Spread Spectrum
    • Errors in Localization using Non-individualized Head-Related Transfers
    • Evaluation of Acoustic Parameters
    • Filter Banks
    • Monaural Cues & Features of Head-Related Transfer Functions
    • Optimal Sampling Rate for Audio Communications
    • Overview of HRTF Modeling
    • Psychoacoustic Effects: Masking
    • Psychoacoustic Phenomena: Precedence Effect
    • What are the components of a SoC audio system?
    • Why are High Pass Filters Important in Audio Signal Processing?
    • Acoustic Wave Simulations
    • Audio Ducking
    • Binaural Cues in Lateral Localization
    • Brief Introduction to Ambisonics
    • Head-Related Transfer Functions
    • Noise Models in Testing of Sound Capture Signals
    • Voice Activity Detection for Voice Control Applications
  • Vocal Technologies Voice Design Solutions
  • Voice Processing
    • Bluetooth Headset Voice Processing Software
    • Speech as a Biomarker
  • Voice Enhancement – Voice Quality Enhancement (VQE)
    • Adaptive voice activity detection using time domain zero crossings
    • Amplitude modulation spectrum detection for speech
    • Automatic Volume Control
    • Autoregressive model for speech processing in frequency domain
    • Bandwidth Extension
    • Classification Model Assessment and Validation for Voice Detection
    • Control Logic for Adaptive Noise Cancellation
    • Eigen Space Voice Activity Detector for Multiple Microphone Array
    • Feedback controller design for audio AGC
    • First order derivative to detect speech onset and offset
    • First order digital equalizers
    • Frame Based Maximum Likelihood Classification of Speech
    • Frequency modulation detection for speech
    • Generalized Solution to the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response
    • Hilbert Transform in Signal Processing
    • How to get reverberation out of a single microphone recording
    • Howling detection based on LMS algorithm
    • Low Latency Speech Enhancement In-Car Communication Systems
    • Maximum likelihood classification of speech and background noise
    • Maximum Likelihood Voice Activity Detector
    • Multi-Band Dynamic Range Compression (DRC) Software
    • Noise Cancellation Microphones
    • Noise Cancellation Microphones for Automatic Speech Recognition
    • Non-linear Loudspeaker Microphone Enclosure Compensation
    • Objective Testing of Speech Enhancement Algorithms
    • Parametric Equalization (EQ) Filtering Software
    • Psycho-Acoustic Bass Enhancement
    • Removing musical noise from denoised speech
    • Second order digital equalizers
    • Signal Detectors and Classifiers
    • Signal Restoration in Frequency Domain via Prediction
    • Speech Enhancement and Speech Intelligibility
    • Speech Pitch Detection Using Modified Average Magnitude Difference
    • Speech pitch detection using the average magnitude difference function
    • Speech pitch detection using the magnitude average product function
    • Voice activity detection with adaptive thresholding
    • Voice activity detection with long term spectral divergence
    • Voice activity detection with spectral flux
    • Voice Activity Detectors and Their Applications
    • Voice Quality Enhancement for Conference Room Speakerphones
    • Voice Quality Enhancement for Radio Communications
    • Voice Quality Enhancement for Robots
    • Voice Quality Enhancement for Smart Speakers
    • Voice Quality Enhancement for TWS Earbuds
    • VoIP Stack Featuring Voice Quality Enhancement (VQE)
    • Wearable Devices Utilize Voice Quality Enhancement
    • Yule-Walker Algorithm and Method Used in Voice Enhancement
    • Maintaining the Harmonic Structures for Speech Enhancement
    • Voice Activity Detection (VAD) Software
    • Battlefield VOX Software
    • The Cause of Echoes in Coding
    • Dual Channel Noise Estimation for Speech Enhancement
    • Echo Reduction in Coding
    • Error Concealment for Speech Transmission
    • Measuring Speech Quality
    • Standard Methods of VAD
    • Speech Enhancement Software – Speech Enhancer
    • Speech Enhancement Utilizing a Bone Conduction Microphone
  • Voice Over IP (VoIP)
    • Analog Modem Adapter
    • Analog Modem Adapter with LTE Connectivity
    • Codecs Used in Voice over IP Technologies
    • Jitter Buffer for Voice over IP
    • Mobile Voice over IP Technology
    • Mobile Voice over IP Technology using H.323
    • Mobile Voice over IP Technology using SIP
    • Packet Loss Concealment
    • Point of Sale Modem Support on VoIP Networks
    • SAMS MV-90 xi Meter Polling
    • SIP Analog Modem Server (SAMS)
    • SIP Analog Modem Server – Alarm Panels
    • SIP Analog Modem Server – Modem as a Service (SAMS-MAAS)
    • SIP Analog Modem Server for Facsimile (SAMS-F)
    • SIP Analog Modem Server – Telocator Alphanumeric Protocol Gateway
    • SIP Analog Modem Solutions
    • SIP Software Modem
    • Solutions for vIPer Phones and STE Phones
    • Transparent Data Modem Relay for Legacy Applications
    • UAV VoIP Gateway
    • V.150.1 Gateway
    • V.151 Gateway
    • V.152 Gateway
    • Voice over IP Adapters (ATA)
    • Voice over IP Packet Structure
    • VoIP Effects on Data Modem Communications
    • VoIP Technology
    • Why modems fail with traditional Analog Telephone Adaptors
    • MVoIP and Mobile VoIP Software
    • Android VoIP SDK
    • iOS VoIP SDK
    • MGCP – Media Gateway Control Protocol
    • Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
    • Session Description Protocol – SDP Protocol
    • MoIP – Modem over IP
    • Radio over IP (RoIP)
      • ED-137 Use Cases
      • ED137 VoIP Air Traffic Management Software
      • ED137 VoIP Air Traffic Management Software
    • Secure Real Time Transport Protocol – SRTP Protocol – Secure RTP
    • Fax over IP (FoIP)
    • T.38 Transmission Over SRTP
    • T38 Fax over IP – T 38 Protocol
    • T.38 Image Extraction from Captured Network Data
    • Current Proposed Modifications to T.38
    • T.38 Prioritization in a Universal Gateway
    • Comparison of T.38 Transmission Over UDPTL or RTP
    • Comparison of Facsimile Transmission over T.38 and V.152
    • VoIP Vocoders
  • Voice and Video over IP (V2oIP) Software
    • Real Time Streaming Protocol – RTSP
    • V2oIP Suite
    • V2oIP Module
  • Web Real Time Communications (WebRTC)
    • Embedded WebRTC for IoT Applications
    • Establishing a WebRTC Media Session
    • How do I send WebRTC objects through a websocket?
    • Overview of ICE for WebRTC
    • Overview of the JavaScript API for WebRTC
    • WebRTC and Complete Call Security
    • WebRTC and VOIP Compatibility
    • WebRTC Communications Security
    • WebRTC Enabled VoIP Endpoints
    • WebRTC Gateways
    • WebSockets and SIP over WebSockets
  • White Papers
  • VOCAL.com Complete Website Sitemap

VOCAL Technologies, Ltd.
520 Lee Entrance, Suite 202
Buffalo, NY 14228
Phone: +1 716-688-4675
Fax: +1 716-639-0713
Email: [email protected]

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VOCAL Technologies, Ltd.
520 Lee Entrance, Suite 202
Buffalo, NY 14228
Phone: +1 716-688-4675
Fax: +1 716-639-0713
Email: [email protected]

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